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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Updated: May 20, 2025

Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
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Decoding the complexity of coding and non-coding RNAs across maize anther development at the isoform level.

Ge Yan1, Xuxu Ma2, Wei Huang3

  • 1Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.

Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao
|May 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals a vast number of novel gene isoforms and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in developing maize anthers. These findings highlight efficient gene usage and potential lncRNA regulation crucial for plant reproduction.

Keywords:
Anther developmentIsoformLong non-coding RNALong-read transcriptome sequencingMaize

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Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
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Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Genetics
  • Transcriptomics

Background:

  • The anther is vital for plant reproduction, transitioning from sporophyte to gametophyte generations.
  • Understanding anther development at the isoform level is crucial for plant breeding and genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze the isoform-level transcriptional landscape of developing maize anthers.
  • To identify novel transcripts, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and their regulatory roles.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Iso-Seq, strand-specific RNA-seq, CAGE-seq, and PAS-seq data from 10 maize anther developmental stages.
  • Development of a new strategy to detect dynamic isoform expression patterns and differentially variable regions (DVRs).

Main Results:

  • Identification of 152,026 high-confidence full-length isoforms, with 68.8% being novel.
  • Discovery of 7,876 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), many expressed during cell differentiation and meiosis.
  • Detection of 371 long-range interactions involving lncRNAs and genes highly expressed in anthers.

Conclusions:

  • Maize anthers exhibit extensive transcriptomic complexity with a high proportion of novel isoforms.
  • lncRNAs play significant roles in regulating key genes during anther development.
  • This study provides foundational resources for anther development research.