Deoxynivalenol and male reproductive toxicity: Unraveling the hidden risks

Area of Science:

• Toxicology
• Reproductive Biology
• Environmental Health

Background:

• Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a widespread mycotoxin with known gastrointestinal and immune effects.
• Emerging evidence suggests DON also impairs male reproductive function.
• Understanding DON's reproductive toxicity is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on DON's impact on male reproductive organs.
• To emphasize DON's effects on hormonal balance, germinal epithelium, and the blood-testis barrier.
• To explore DON's effects on accessory reproductive organs and offspring development.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating DON's effects on male reproduction.
• Analysis of mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
• Evaluation of studies on parental DON exposure and subsequent offspring outcomes.

Main Results:

• DON disrupts hormonal regulation, damages the germinal epithelium, and compromises the blood-testis barrier.
• Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are key mechanisms mediating DON's toxicity.
• Reduced sperm quality and quantity, impaired epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicle function were observed.
• Parental DON exposure adversely affects offspring development across various stages.

Conclusions:

• Deoxynivalenol poses a significant threat to male reproductive health.
• DON-induced alterations lead to impaired fertility and potential transgenerational effects.
• Further research is warranted to fully elucidate DON's reproductive toxicology and its implications.