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Bystander Effect02:09

Bystander Effect

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The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
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  11. Impact Of Smartphone Activated First Responders On Provision Of Bystander Cpr, Bystander Aed And Outcomes For Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest (ohca)

Impact of smartphone activated first responders on provision of bystander CPR, bystander AED and outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)

Haruka Takahashi1, Nurul Ain2, Stephanie Fook-Chong3

  • 1Pre-hospital & Emergency Research Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; The Graduate School of Medical and Health Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Japan.

Resuscitation
|May 18, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The myResponder app significantly improved bystander CPR and AED use for cardiac arrest patients. This technology-activated first responder approach also led to better survival outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Emergency medicine
  • Public health technology
  • Resuscitation science
Keywords:
bystander CPRcardio-pulmonary resuscitationmyResponderout-of-hospital cardiac arrest

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Background:

  • The myResponder smartphone application was implemented in Singapore in 2015 to mobilize volunteer first responders for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) patients.
  • This study evaluated the impact of the myResponder system on bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) usage, as well as patient survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of the myResponder application in enhancing bystander response to OHCA events.
  • To determine the influence of technology-activated first responders on patient survival and neurological outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of adult non-traumatic OHCA cases from the Singapore Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (2016-2019).
  • Patients were divided into myResponder-activated and non-activated groups.
  • Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association between myResponder activation and outcomes, including bystander CPR, bystander AED, and 30-day survival with favorable neurological outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The analysis included 9,167 OHCA patients; 60% were in the myResponder-activated group.
  • Activation was associated with significantly higher rates of bystander CPR (aOR: 5.69) and bystander AED use (aOR: 2.23).
  • The myResponder-activated group showed improved 30-day survival with favorable neurological outcomes (aOR: 1.54).

Conclusions:

  • The deployment of technology-activated first responders, like myResponder, demonstrably improves bystander CPR and AED application in urban settings.
  • This approach positively impacts OHCA patient outcomes, including survival and neurological recovery.
  • Wider adoption of activated first responder systems within Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is recommended to enhance resuscitation efforts.
smartphone application