Structural and functional benefits of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides due to space mutagenesis

Ganoderma lucidum samples from space-mutated strains transported by China's "Shenzhou" recoverable satellites, along with traditionally cultivated counterparts, were selected for this study. Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum were extracted using a two-step sequential method integrating hot water and alkaline extractions. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to characterize polysaccharide structures (monosaccharide composition and glycosidic linkages) and profile terpenoids, assessing the impact of space mutation. Results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in polysaccharide and terpenoid contents, with polysaccharide yield rising from 178.59 % to 265.38 %. Space-mutated polysaccharides exhibited higher glucose content, altered monosaccharide composition, lower molecular weight, and an enriched β-1,3-glucan structure. They also demonstrated enhanced anti-inflammatory activity, underscoring the functional benefits of space-induced modifications. This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of structural alterations in Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides induced by space mutation. It provides valuable scientific insights into the space breeding of medicinal plants and suggests that space mutation technology could serve as a promising strategy for developing functional foods from Ganoderma lucidum.