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Microbiota of the Large Intestine

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

In Vivo Photolabeling of Cells in the Colon to Assess Migratory Potential of Hematopoietic Cells in Neonatal Mice

In Vivo Photolabeling of Cells in the Colon to Assess Migratory Potential of Hematopoietic Cells in Neonatal Mice

Published on: August 10, 2018

Single-cell transcriptomic characterization of microscopic colitis.

Stefan Halvorsen¹, Molly Thomas^2,3,4,5,6, Mari Mino-Kenudson^5,7

¹Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, USA.

Nature Communications

|May 18, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microscopic colitis involves an increase in specific T cells within the colon. Targeting these T cell subsets may offer new treatments for this chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Gastroenterology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the large intestine.
It is a frequent cause of persistent diarrhea, particularly in elderly individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a cellular and molecular model of microscopic colitis.
To investigate the role of T cells in MC pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of colonic mucosal tissue.
Characterization of T cell populations and their phenotypes.

Main Results:

Significant expansion of tissue CD8+ T cells observed in MC.
CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells exhibit a cytotoxic and inflammatory phenotype.
Expansion of CD4+ T regulatory cells noted.
Common upregulation of IL26 and MC-specific upregulation of IL10.

Conclusions:

The study provides insights into the inflammatory cytokines driving MC.
Identifies distinct T cell profiles in MC compared to other immune-mediated intestinal diseases.
Suggests targeting specific enteric T cell subsets as a potential therapeutic strategy for MC.