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COVID-19 - multisystem disease.

Roberta Andreea Cercel1, Florin Ionuţ Buibaş, Mircea Sebastian Şerbănescu

  • 1Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; flaviancalui@yahoo.com.

Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology = Revue Roumaine De Morphologie Et Embryologie
|May 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, impacting multiple body systems beyond the respiratory tract. This analysis details its widespread effects, including neurological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, ocular, and renal complications.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2digestive systemneurological complicationsspike proteinsvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • The virus belongs to the Coronaviridae family, sharing genomic similarities with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
  • The spike (S) protein is crucial for viral entry into host cells via ACE2 receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the systemic impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To document the diverse clinical manifestations beyond respiratory symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical observations and findings related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Analysis of reported cases detailing multi-system involvement.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to significant gastrointestinal, neurological, cardiovascular, ocular, and renal complications.
  • Neurological issues include anosmia, headache, encephalitis, and cerebrovascular events.
  • Cardiovascular effects involve myocardial damage, inflammation, coagulation disorders, and thromboembolic events.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection extends beyond the respiratory system, causing widespread systemic implications.
  • Understanding these multi-system effects is critical for managing COVID-19 patients.
  • Potential fecal-oral transmission is suggested by viral RNA in stool samples.