Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

26
Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
26
The Parasympathetic Nervous System01:14

The Parasympathetic Nervous System

105.9K
Overview
105.9K
Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

298
Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
298
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

22
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
22
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

839
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
839
Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action01:28

Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action

1.1K
Depolarizing blockers act on skeletal muscle fibers' membranes and induce their depolarization. Most depolarizing blockers have two quaternary N+ atoms that bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cause neuromuscular blockade within minutes.
Succinylcholine is the most commonly used depolarizing blocker. Chemically, it constitutes two molecules of acetylcholine joined together by an acetate methyl group. They act on the receptors in the same way as acetylcholine. Because...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Personalised neuromodulation in patients with dystonia.

The Lancet. Neurology·2026
Same author

Magnetic resonance imaging use in pediatric deep brain stimulation: a systematic review and call for standardization.

Neuroradiology·2026
Same author

Adaptive brain stimulation 2.0 for Parkinsonian gait.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

Remote deep brain stimulation programming in childhood dystonia: opportunities, challenges, and future directions.

Expert review of neurotherapeutics·2026
Same author

Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens for severe self-injurious behaviour in children: long-term outcomes from a first-in-human pilot trial.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Beyond Skull Density Ratio for Magnetic Resonance‑Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Literature Review of the Alternatives.

Neurosurgery·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

7.2K

Status Dystonicus in Children: Is it more Common than we Realize?

Nadia Al Azri1,2, Lindsey M Vogt1,2, Andrea LeBlanc-Millar1

  • 1Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
|May 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Status dystonicus (SD) is more common in children than previously thought, particularly those with genetic or metabolic dystonia. Prompt recognition and management are crucial for reducing severe complications and intensive care unit admissions.

Keywords:
complicationsdeep brain stimulationincidenceintensive care unitstatus dystonicus

More Related Videos

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
10:05

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia

Published on: January 27, 2018

9.7K
Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

14.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2025

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

7.2K
Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
10:05

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia

Published on: January 27, 2018

9.7K
Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

14.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Status dystonicus (SD) is the most severe form of dystonia, primarily affecting children.
  • The actual incidence of SD remains largely unknown, leading to underestimation of its prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the admission frequency of patients with SD.
  • To characterize associated complications and intensive care unit (ICU) transfer rates.
  • To evaluate the impact of a newly implemented treatment pathway on these outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective data collection of patients diagnosed with SD.
  • Inclusion criteria: admissions to the Hospital for Sick Children between January 2020 and June 2024.
  • Analysis of admission numbers, complication rates, and ICU transfers pre- and post-treatment pathway implementation.

Main Results:

  • Identified 92 SD admissions across 48 patients (approximately 20 admissions per year).
  • Genetic/metabolic dystonia represented 45% of cases; identifiable triggers were present in 82%.
  • Complication rates were 39%, with ICU transfers decreasing from 27% pre-pathway to 19% post-pathway.

Conclusions:

  • SD is a significant clinical issue in pediatric populations, especially those with genetic/metabolic dystonia.
  • Identifiable triggers are common and should be investigated in cases of SD.
  • While a treatment pathway showed a trend towards reduced ICU transfers, further research is needed to confirm its impact. Increased awareness is vital for complication mitigation.