Electrochemiluminescence analysis of glucose in single living cells using enzyme-modified micropipettes

Here, we describe a preparation of enzyme-modified micropipettes achieved by immobilizing layers of glucose oxidase and luminophore at microcapillaries for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of glucose inside single cells. Based on the recorded ECL intensities, the fluctuation in intracellular glucose levels under different cellular states is traced at the single-cell level. As the ECL measurement avoids the non-faradaic interference from the electrode region outside the cell, the electrode preparation becomes simple, a feature that should advance single-cell electroanalysis.