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Characterization of Lithia-Based Machinable Glass-Ceramic Materials.

Anvita Maharishi1, Edward A McLaren2, Shane N White3

  • 1Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.

Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry : Official Publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [Et Al.]
|May 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New lithia-based glass ceramics show significant differences in properties like strength and color. Processing partly crystallized blocks nearly doubles flexural strength compared to fully sintered ones.

Keywords:
X‐ray fluorescence spectrometrycolorcrystalflexural strengthglass‐ceramicslithia disilicatescanning electron microscopytranslucency

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Area of Science:

  • Dental materials science
  • Ceramic engineering
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Lithia-based glass ceramics dominate indirect single-unit restorations.
  • Existing evidence primarily focuses on a single material, necessitating broader investigation.
  • Recent advancements have introduced new lithia-based glass-ceramic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively evaluate diverse lithia-based glass ceramics.
  • To investigate elemental and elemental oxide composition.
  • To assess as-fabricated surface morphology, flexural strength, color, contrast ratio, and light transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nine dental materials (Amber Direct, Amber Mill, Cerec Tessera, IPS Emax CAD, Enamic, IPS Empress CAD, Initial Lisi, Supriniy PC, TriLuxe Forte).
  • Utilized techniques: Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
  • Evaluated mechanical strength, visible light spectroscopy, and transmission testing, with statistical analysis (ANOVA, multiple comparisons) at α=0.05.

Main Results:

  • Significant variations observed in chemical composition, physical properties, and optical characteristics among tested lithia-based glass ceramics.
  • Milling partly crystallized blocks followed by additional crystallization nearly doubled flexural strength compared to milling fully sintered blocks.
  • Color parameters varied significantly, exceeding visual detection thresholds despite nominal shade matching.

Conclusions:

  • Diverse lithia-based glass-ceramic materials exhibit substantial differences in chemical composition, strength, and optical properties.
  • These variations are significant enough to impact clinical performance.
  • Optimized processing, specifically milling partially crystallized blocks, enhances flexural strength and minimizes machining damage, suggesting improved clinical outcomes.