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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Organs01:31

Accessory Organs

Accessory organs are those that participate in the digestion of food but do not come into direct contact with it like the mouth, stomach, or intestine do. Accessory organs secrete enzymes into the digestive tract to facilitate the breakdown of food.
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Regulation of the Digestive System01:25

Regulation of the Digestive System

Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of these...
Intestinal Phase of Digestion01:29

Intestinal Phase of Digestion

The intestinal phase of digestion is the third and final stage of the digestive process, occurring after the cephalic and gastric phases. It begins when chyme, a partially digested mixture of food and digestive enzymes, enters the small intestine from the stomach. This phase is crucial for nutrient absorption and involves complex hormonal and enzymatic interactions.
The arrival of the chyme in the small intestine distends the duodenum, which triggers the enterogastric reflex. This distension...
Bile01:19

Bile

Bile is a crucial bodily fluid, characterized by its yellow-green color and alkaline nature. Produced in the liver, it is transported through the common hepatic duct into either the cystic duct, leading to the gallbladder, or directly into the common bile duct. The flow of bile is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi located at the entrance of the duodenum. When this sphincter is closed, bile is redirected to the gallbladder for storage and concentration.
Bile is released when dietary fats enter...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...

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Expanded Hepatic Progenitor Cells Featured with Aggregation of α-Synuclein Contribute to Pathologic Bile Duct Regeneration in Biliary Atresia.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes
07:54

Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes

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Organoids in biliary atresia.

Vincent Chi Hang Lui1

  • 1Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

World Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|May 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Biliary organoids, derived from various cells, mimic bile duct structures and functions. They are advancing the study of biliary atresia (BA) pathogenesis by modeling liver disease mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Organoid technology
  • Hepatology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Biliary atresia (BA) is a complex liver disease affecting bile ducts.
  • Cholangiopathies involve damage to cholangiocytes, the cells lining the biliary tree.
  • Organoids offer a model system to study organ-specific diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the generation of biliary organoids.
  • To discuss the application of biliary organoids in modeling biliary atresia (BA).
  • To highlight advancements in understanding BA pathogenesis using organoids.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of biliary organoids from biliary tissue, stem cells, or progenitor cells.
  • Utilizing 3D self-organizing cell cultures that mimic organ structures.
Keywords:
Cell BiologyCongenital AbnormalitiesGastroenterologyJaundice

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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  • Employing organoids for disease modeling and studying disease mechanisms.

    • Main Results:

    • Biliary organoids recapitulate the structure and function of native bile duct cholangiocytes.
    • Organoids have facilitated research into genetic, developmental, environmental, and immune factors in BA.
    • Significant progress has been made in understanding BA pathophysiology through organoid models.

    Conclusions:

    • Biliary organoids are valuable tools for studying liver diseases like biliary atresia.
    • Organoid technology enhances the understanding of BA pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
    • Continued research with biliary organoids promises further insights into cholangiopathies.