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Recent progress in metabolomic analysis of acute coronary syndrome: a narrative review
Jiaqi Liu1, Tingmiao Li1, Xin Qi1
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Insights
Metabolomics research identifies key metabolites like tryptophan and glutamine as potential biomarkers for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). These findings aid in diagnosing ACS and understanding how drugs modify metabolic pathways for better treatment.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Metabolomics
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality.
- ACS is primarily caused by vulnerable plaque rupture or erosion, leading to thrombotic events and myocardial damage.
- Identifying reliable biomarkers and understanding metabolic pathway modifications are crucial for ACS management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review literature on metabolomic biomarkers for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
- To explore the modification of ACS-related metabolic pathways through drug interventions.
- To provide clarity on potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ACS identified to date.
Main Methods:
- Literature review conducted using PubMed.
- Inclusion of English articles from January 1, 2014, to December 3, 2024.
- Focus on clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, and metabolomics studies in ACS.
Main Results:
- Metabolomic analysis reveals significant alterations in amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates in ACS patients.
- Tryptophan and glutamine are identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers for ACS.
- Mannitol and ceramide show promise as prognostic biomarkers for ACS.
Conclusions:
- Metabolomics-based studies offer significant potential for identifying ACS-related metabolic features.
- These findings can enhance the discovery of biomarkers for ACS diagnosis and prognosis.
- Metabolomics aids in understanding drug therapy mechanisms for ACS.
Background And Objective:
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a common cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. It is caused mainly by vulnerable plaque rupture (PR) or surface plaque erosion (PE) caused by serious thrombotic events, and eventually leads to myocardial blood supply insufficiency or necrosis. The disease has high morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, we review the literature on biomarkers of ACS metabolites and modification of disease by altering related metabolic pathways through drugs, aiming to provide clarity on potential biomarkers of disease identified to date.
Methods:
PubMed was used for literature review. From January 1, 2014 to December 3, 2024, English articles on clinical trials, randomized controlled trials of metabolomics studies in ACS were included.
Key Content And Findings:
In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of three techniques currently used for metabolomic analysis. In addition, the recent decade of metabolomic approaches to the discovery of potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ACS is reviewed. It was found that the metabolites changed in patients with ACS were mostly amino acids, lipids and carbohydrates. Tryptophan and glutamine can be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers. Mannitol and ceramide can be used as prognostic biomarkers. Drugs can improve disease by affecting changes in metabolites in the body.
Conclusions:
ACS studies based on metabolomics have demonstrated great potential for identifying disease-related metabolomic features in the discovery of potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis and mechanisms of drug therapy.
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