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Increased risk of colorectal adenoma and benign colorectal polyp associated with Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 0Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
Translational Cancer Research +

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May 19, 2025

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May 19, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of benign colorectal polyps and advanced colorectal adenomas. Ethnicity influences this risk, with Asian populations showing a higher association than Western populations.

Area Of Science

  • Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology

Background

  • The link between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and colorectal adenomas (CRAs) is suggested but lacks detailed analysis of CRA histological subtypes.
  • Limited research exists on H. pylori's specific impact on benign colorectal polyps (BCP), CRAs, and advanced CRAs.

Purpose Of The Study

  • To conduct a meta-analysis investigating the association between H. pylori infection and the risk of BCP, CRA, and advanced CRA.
  • To explore potential moderators, such as histological subtype and ethnicity, in the H. pylori-CRA relationship.

Main Methods

  • Comprehensive literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to January 2024.
  • Meta-regression analysis was utilized to identify moderators influencing the observed associations.
  • Data from 40 studies encompassing 503,365 participants were included.

Main Results

  • H. pylori infection was significantly associated with increased probabilities of BCP (OR, 1.430; 95% CI: 1.292-1.583) and CRA/advanced CRA (OR, 1.711; 95% CI: 1.408-2.080).
  • Subgroup analysis by ethnicity revealed a higher risk in Asian populations (OR, 1.990; 95% CI: 1.416-2.796) compared to Western populations (OR, 1.369; 95% CI: 1.222-1.535).
  • Meta-regression confirmed ethnicity as a significant risk factor for both BCP and CRA.

Conclusions

  • H. pylori infection is significantly associated with an increased risk of BCP, CRA, and advanced CRA.
  • Ethnicity plays a crucial role as a risk factor in the association between H. pylori and colorectal polyps.
  • Further research may elucidate specific mechanisms underlying these ethnic differences in risk.

Keywords:

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