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Related Concept Videos

Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

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3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Long-Term Persistent Headache After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Follow-Up Population-Based Study.

Lénia Silva1, Joana Fernandes1, Rui Lopes1

  • 1Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, ULS Santo António, Porto, Portugal.

European Journal of Neurology
|May 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New-onset persistent headaches, particularly migraine-like headaches (MLH), are common two years after COVID-19 infection. This study highlights an elevated incidence of de novo MLH post-COVID-19.

Keywords:
COVID‐19headacheincidencemigraine

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Headache is a recognized symptom of long-COVID syndrome.
  • The incidence and characteristics of new-onset headaches following COVID-19 infection are not well understood.
  • This study aimed to characterize de novo headaches in a population-based prospective cohort of COVID-19 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the incidence and features of new-onset headaches in individuals who did not previously experience headaches, following COVID-19 infection.
  • To assess the long-term (24-month) prevalence and type of persistent headaches after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 732 COVID-19 patients diagnosed between March-June 2020.
  • Neurological follow-up at 3, 12, and 24 months via face-to-face or phone consultations.
  • Structured clinical questionnaire to assess headache history before and 24 months post-infection.

Main Results:

  • 448 patients completed 24-month follow-up; mean age 51.6 years, 60.7% female.
  • De novo persistent headaches occurred in 16.2% (54/333) of headache-naïve patients.
  • Migraine-like headaches (MLH) criteria were met by 64.8% (35/54) of these patients, with a cumulative incidence of 42/1000/year.

Conclusions:

  • De novo persistent headaches are common two years post-COVID-19, with MLH being the most frequent type.
  • The incidence of MLH following COVID-19 is elevated.
  • Individuals developing de novo MLH post-COVID-19 tend to be older than the general migraine population, with significant implications for public health and quality of life.