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A Comprehensive Review on LncRNAs/miRNAs-DNMT1 Axis in Human Cancer: Mechanistic and Clinical Application

Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch1, Ali Esmaeili2, Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi3,4

  • 1Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|May 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, are key in cancer. This review explores how DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) interacts with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cancer, offering new therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cancer is a major public health issue driven by epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation.
  • DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) plays a crucial role in cancer development, progression, and treatment response.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are vital regulators of cellular processes relevant to cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the interplay between DNMT1 and ncRNAs in cancer pathogenesis.
  • To discuss the significance of the ncRNAs-DNMT1 axis in cancer stem cells and therapeutic resistance.
  • To highlight the potential of herbal medicines and synthetic RNA molecules in regulating DNMT1 for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on DNMT1 and ncRNA interactions in cancer.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the role of the ncRNAs-DNMT1 axis in cancer stem cells and therapy resistance.
  • Examination of evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of agents targeting DNMT1 activity.

Main Results:

  • DNMT1 and ncRNAs exhibit intricate interactions that significantly influence cancer development and progression.
  • The ncRNAs-DNMT1 axis is implicated in the maintenance of cancer stem cells and the development of resistance to cancer therapies.
  • Herbal medicines and synthetic RNA molecules demonstrate potential in modulating DNMT1 activity for therapeutic benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the DNMT1-ncRNA axis is critical for deciphering cancer pathogenesis and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting the ncRNAs-DNMT1 axis offers promising avenues for overcoming cancer stem cell-mediated resistance and improving treatment outcomes.
  • Herbal compounds and synthetic RNAs represent a potential new class of DNMT1-targeting agents for cancer therapy.
Keywords:
DNMT1cancerlong non‐coding RNAsmicroRNAsnon‐coding RNAstherapy

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