Expansion Force-Based Adaptive Multistage Constant Current Fast Charging with Lithium Plating Detection for...

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Materials Science
• Battery Technology

Background:

• Multistage constant current (MCC) charging is standard for lithium-ion batteries, balancing charging time and lithium plating.
• Conventional MCC relies on fixed charging maps, ignoring real-time lithium plating feedback and self-regulation.
• This limitation hinders optimal charging performance and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an adaptive MCC charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries.
• To utilize expansion force feedback for detecting and mitigating lithium plating during charging.
• To enhance charging speed without compromising battery integrity.

Main Methods:

• An adaptive MCC charging method was proposed, integrating expansion force feedback to detect lithium plating.
• Experiments and simulations were conducted to validate the method.
• Three thresholds (V1, V2, V3) in the derivative of force (dF/dSOC) were identified for self-regulation.

Main Results:

• Lithium plating onset was detected by an abnormal, accelerated increase in expansion force.
• Reducing the charging rate upon detecting plating caused the force to decrease, indicating cessation of plating.
• The adaptive method enabled a 50% increase in charging speed without irreversible lithium plating.

Conclusions:

• The proposed adaptive MCC charging method effectively uses expansion force feedback to self-regulate charging rates.
• This approach significantly enhances charging speed while preventing detrimental lithium plating.
• The method is promising for integration into intelligent battery management systems for improved fast charging.