Evaluating access to care for Medicare beneficiaries younger than 65 Years

Individuals younger than 65 years can qualify for Medicare if they have long-term disabilities or certain qualifying conditions. These beneficiaries-particularly the non-dual-eligible population-may experience cost and access barriers to medical care. We examined the association between Medicare coverage type and reported barriers to care.

Multivariable linear probability models assessed the association between self-reported Medicare coverage and patient-reported outcomes by dual-eligibility status.

Using 2012-2020 data from the Health and Retirement Study, we compared self-reported sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of non-dual-eligible and dual-eligible beneficiaries aged 50 to 64 years by Medicare coverage type at their baseline interview. We then examined the following self-reported outcomes: experiencing cost-related medication nonadherence, delaying care due to cost, not having a usual source of care, and having trouble finding a doctor.

Among non-dual-eligible beneficiaries, enrollment in traditional Medicare (TM) plus supplemental coverage vs TM with no supplemental coverage was associated with lower reported rates of experiencing cost-related medication nonadherence (-7.5 percentage point [PP] change; 95% CI, -12.1 to -3.0), delaying care due to cost (-9.8 PP; 95% CI, -13.3 to -6.3), and having no usual source of care (-5.5 PP; 95% CI, -8.9 to -2.1). Compared with TM with no supplement, Medicare Advantage enrollment was associated with lower rates of delaying care due to cost (-4.2 PP; 95% CI, -7.6 to -0.7) and having no usual source of care (-5.2 PP; 95% CI, -8.2 to -2.3). Among dual-eligible beneficiaries, outcomes largely did not differ by coverage type. Switching from traditional Medicare to Medicare Advantage was associated with trouble finding a doctor for dual-eligible beneficiaries.

Enrollment in less generous Medicare coverage was associated with greater cost and access barriers to care for beneficiaries younger than 65 years.