Emerging role of neural stem/progenitor cell secretome in brain inflammatory response modulation

Adult stem cells residing in the body's tissues are responsible for the regeneration and replacement of old cells by new ones, thanks to their ability to differentiate. Scientific research increasingly focuses on the regeneration processes associated with these cells and the ability to modulate the microenvironment in which they are located. The modulatory effect can occur through direct interactions of stem cells with other cells or through their paracrine activity by releasing biologically active substances. For the nervous system, neural stem/progenitor cells are located in the subgranular zone in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone around the lateral ventricles. This type of cell, in addition to giving rise to new neurons depending on the physiological state of the body, is also involved in the modulation of the niche in which they are found. This process plays a particular role in inflammation associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, which is connected with increased activity of the immune system cells. In this review article, we wanted to present the biologically active factors found in the neural stem/progenitor cells' secretome, which are key factors that can contribute physiologically to the silencing of inflammatory processes.