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Emptiness, personality dysfunction, and emotion dysregulation: An experience sampling study.

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  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto.

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This study clarifies the experience of emptiness by examining its trait and state levels. Findings link emptiness to sadness, personality dysfunction, identity disturbance, and emotion dysregulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • The concept of emptiness is often vaguely defined, leading to theoretical and empirical challenges.
  • Previous research has treated emptiness as a static trait, neglecting its dynamic, experiential nature.
  • Studies on emptiness have been narrowly focused on borderline personality disorder, overlooking its broader relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the trait- and state-level determinants of emptiness.
  • To explore the relationship between personality dysfunction, identity disturbance, emotion dysregulation, and emptiness.
  • To examine emptiness within a general community sample using an experience sampling method.

Main Methods:

  • Employed an experience sampling design over 14 days with 120 community participants.
  • Assessed personality dysfunction (interpersonal and self-domains), identity disturbance, and emotion dysregulation.
  • Analyzed predictors of between-person mean and instability in emptiness, and within-person emptiness.

Main Results:

  • A strong association was found between within-person sadness and emptiness.
  • Mean-level emptiness correlated with personality dysfunction and identity disturbance.
  • Emptiness instability was significantly linked to emotion dysregulation.

Conclusions:

  • The study enhances clarity on the construct of emptiness by differentiating trait and state aspects.
  • Findings highlight the multifaceted nature of emptiness, connecting it to various psychological constructs.
  • Results suggest that interventions targeting emotion dysregulation may be beneficial for individuals experiencing emptiness instability.