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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.2K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating Cellular and Molecular Dynamics During Muscle Regeneration Using Cutting-Edge Single-Cell Technologies
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Author Spotlight: Investigating Cellular and Molecular Dynamics During Muscle Regeneration Using Cutting-Edge Single-Cell Technologies

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Histone Lactylation Antagonizes Senescence and Skeletal Muscle Aging by Modulating Aging-Related Pathways.

Fanju Meng1, Jianuo He1, Xuebin Zhang1

  • 1The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|May 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Histone lactylation counteracts cellular senescence and muscle aging by regulating gene expression. Exercise and metabolic interventions targeting histone lactylation show promise for anti-aging strategies.

Keywords:
epigeneticshistone lactylationsenescenceskeletal muscle aging

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Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Epigenetics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Epigenetic alterations are key drivers of cellular senescence and aging.
  • Histone lactylation is an emerging epigenetic modification influencing gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of histone lactylation in cellular senescence and skeletal muscle aging.
  • To explore the potential of targeting histone lactylation for anti-aging interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed histone lactylation and lactyl-CoA levels in senescent cells and aged skeletal muscle.
  • Manipulated enzymes involved in histone lactylation and glycolysis.
  • Examined the effects of running exercise on histone lactylation in aged mice.

Main Results:

  • Histone lactylation decreases during senescence and aging but is restored by hypoxia via glycolysis.
  • Histone lactylation enrichment at promoters is crucial for cell cycle and DNA repair genes.
  • Reduced histone lactylation accelerates senescence and muscle aging, while exercise upregulates it.

Conclusions:

  • Histone lactylation plays a critical role in mitigating cellular senescence and skeletal muscle aging.
  • Metabolic manipulation of histone lactylation presents a potential anti-aging therapeutic strategy.