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Carbon Nanotubes for Rechargeable Na/Cl₂ Batteries.

Peng Liang^1,2,3,4, Guanzhou Zhu⁴, Weize Wang¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|May 19, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed novel rechargeable sodium-chlorine (Na/Cl2) batteries using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as positive electrodes. These MWCNT electrodes enable high capacity and stable cycling for advanced energy storage applications.

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Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Energy Storage

Background:

Rechargeable batteries are crucial for energy storage.
Developing high-capacity and stable electrode materials is essential.
Chlorine-based redox chemistry offers potential for high energy density.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize novel rechargeable Na/Cl2 batteries.
To investigate the role of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as positive electrodes.
To understand the electrochemical mechanisms of chlorine redox reactions in MWCNTs.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of rechargeable Na/Cl2 batteries with MWCNT positive electrodes in SOCl2-based electrolytes.
Electrochemical testing including cycling stability and rate capability at room temperature.
In situ Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy for reaction mechanism analysis.
Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for material characterization.

Main Results:

Batteries achieved high cycling specific capacities up to 3500 mA h g-1 (normalized to CNT mass) at ~3.9 V discharge voltage.
Stable cycling performance was observed over >140 cycles at up to 2 C rates.
Reversible formation and reduction of SCl2 and S2Cl2 species were identified, contributing to the voltage profile.
NaCl nanocrystals were observed within CNTs, indicating effective chlorine storage and redox reactions.

Conclusions:

MWCNTs serve as an effective positive electrode material for rechargeable Na/Cl2 batteries.
The hollow structure and defects of MWCNTs facilitate chlorine storage and reversible redox reactions.
This work demonstrates the potential of MWCNTs for hosting Cl-/Cl2 redox chemistry for battery applications.