How Well Do Communication Profiles at 2 Years of Age Predict Outcomes at 9-10 Years of Age in Children With Cerebral
Marianne Elmquist1, Katherine C Hustad1,2
1Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Purpose:
Early identification of diverging developmental trajectories is important to optimize communication interventions for children with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to examine if communication profiles at 2 years of age predicted speech, language, and communication outcomes at 9-10 years of age in children with CP.
Method:
Twenty-three children with CP (Mage = 9;10 [years;months]) participated in the study comprising of three mutually exclusive 2-year speech-language profiles: not yet talking (n = 10), emerging talkers (n = 9), and established talkers (n = 4). Using generalized linear regression and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests, we examined if 2-year speech-language profiles predicted speech, language, and communication outcomes at 9-10 years of age. Outcomes at 9-10 years of age were obtained from classification systems, spontaneous language samples, elicited speech tasks, and parent report.
Results:
Based on 2-year speech-language profiles, we found significant differences in speech, language, and communication outcomes at 9-10 years of age. Specifically, children who were not talking at 2 years of age had more restricted outcomes than children who were emerging or established talkers at 2 years of age.
Conclusion:
Our study's results provide preliminary evidence that early communication interventions can and should be differentiated based on communication abilities at 2 years of age to maximize later communication outcomes for children with CP.
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