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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

756
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

A Strategy for the Study of IL-9-Producing Lymphoid Cells in the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection Model
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Th9-derived IL-9 in autoimmune diseases: An update.

Weile Chen1, Zimeng Xu1, Hui Xu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.

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|May 19, 2025
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Summary

T-helper 9 (Th9) cells and their cytokine IL-9 play a key role in autoimmune diseases. Targeting Th9 or IL-9 offers a promising avenue for developing new treatments for these conditions.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseaseInterleukin-9Multiple sclerosisRheumatoid arthritisSystemic lupus erythematosusT-helper cell 9

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) arise from immune responses targeting self-tissues.
  • T-helper 9 (Th9) cells are a T cell subset involved in inflammation and immune regulation.
  • Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a cytokine secreted by Th9 cells with diverse immune functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of Th9 cells and IL-9 in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases.
  • To investigate the potential of targeting Th9 cells or IL-9 as a therapeutic strategy for AIDs.
  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of Th9 and IL-9 in various autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Th9 cells, IL-9, and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of the involvement of Th9/IL-9 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • Exploration of potential therapeutic targets within the Th9/IL-9 pathway.

Main Results:

  • Th9 cells and IL-9 are significantly implicated in the development and activity of autoimmune diseases.
  • IL-9 influences the function of various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, mast cells, and macrophages.
  • Evidence suggests a close correlation between Th9/IL-9 levels and disease activity in AIDs.

Conclusions:

  • Th9 cells and their secreted cytokine IL-9 are critical players in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
  • Targeting the Th9/IL-9 axis presents a promising strategy for novel immunotherapies.
  • Further research into the regulatory mechanisms of Th9 and IL-9 is essential for advancing AID treatment.