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Alterations in visual function and retinal structure in patients with bipolar disorder.

Marta Comes-Carsí1, José Miguel Vilaplana-Mora1, Laura Manfreda-Domínguez1

  • 1Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.

Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia
|May 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bipolar disorder patients show poorer visual function and thinner retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers compared to healthy individuals. These findings highlight potential ocular biomarkers for bipolar disorder.

Keywords:
Alteraciones visualesBipolar disorderCélulas ganglionaresFibras nerviosasGanglion cellNerve fiberOptical coherence tomographyRetinaTomografía de coherencia ópticaTrastorno bipolarVisual disturbances

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder is a complex mental health condition.
  • Ocular structures may be affected in patients with bipolar disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in visual function and retinal structure between bipolar disorder patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional observational study compared 82 bipolar disorder patients (163 eyes) with 43 controls (86 eyes).
  • Visual function was assessed using best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with high and low contrast charts.
  • Retinal structure was analyzed using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), focusing on the nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL).

Main Results:

  • Bipolar disorder patients exhibited significantly lower BCVA at high and low contrasts compared to controls (p < 0.05).
  • OCT revealed significantly reduced mean RNFL and GCL thickness in bipolar disorder patients (p = 0.007).
  • No significant differences in RNFL or GCL thickness were found between bipolar I and bipolar II disorder subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences in visual function and retinal layer thickness exist between bipolar disorder patients and healthy individuals.
  • RNFL and GCL thinning are potential structural correlates of visual function deficits in bipolar disorder.