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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Stereoisomerism02:52

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

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Polarization-sensitive in-sensor computing in chiral organic integrated 2D p-n heterostructures for mixed-multimodal

Je-Jun Lee1, Seong-Jun Han1,2, Changsoon Choi1

  • 1Center of Quantum Technology, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Nature Communications
|May 19, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces novel in-sensor computing using circularly polarized light detectors. These detectors enable real-time processing and mixed-multimodal image analysis within a single circuit.

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Materials Science
  • Computer Engineering

Background:

  • Sensor-based computing reduces latency and energy use by processing data at the source.
  • Existing systems face limitations in real-time data handling and computational flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop advanced in-sensor computing capabilities using polarization-sensitive detectors.
  • To enable mixed-multimodal image processing within a single, non-reconfigurable circuit.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors with 2D van der Waals p-n heterostructures.
  • Development of circularly polarized light detectors with high dissymmetry factor and rapid photoresponse.
  • Implementation of mixed-multimodal in-sensor computing by controlling detector responsivity via light chirality.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high dissymmetry factor (1.90) for effective separation of circularly polarized images.
  • Demonstrated a rapid photoresponse (4 μs) and wide linear dynamic range (114.1 dB).
  • Enabled dynamic control of responsivity for blending two image processing modes.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed polarization-sensitive detectors are suitable for analog multiply-and-accumulate operations in in-sensor computing.
  • Mixed-multimodal in-sensor computing simplifies circuit complexity while preserving kernel optimization.
  • This approach advances real-time decision-making and efficient data processing in sensor systems.