Impact of TECAR therapy on pain and function in adhesive capsulitis: a randomized controlled trial

TECAR therapy is a thermotherapy modality that enhances microcirculation, reduces inflammation, and supports tissue regeneration by generating heat in superficial and deep tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TECAR therapy on pain and functional outcomes in patients with adhesive capsulitis (AC). This prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial included 60 patients [TECAR group: 30, (50.37 ± 13.90 years); control group: 30, (55.27 ± 10.44 years)]. Both groups completed a 2-week tailored therapeutic exercise program, with 30-min hot pack application and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. The TECAR group also received three TECAR therapy sessions per week, for a total of six sessions. Pain was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), functional status with the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and supraspinatus tendon thickness and bicipital effusion were assessed via ultrasonography. Evaluations were conducted at baseline, 1 and 3 months post-treatment. Both groups showed significant reductions in VAS and SPADI scores at 1- and 3-month evaluations (p < 0.001). However, the TECAR group demonstrated greater improvements compared to the control group. After treatment, both groups showed a significant reduction in bicipital effusion rates, while no significant change was observed in supraspinatus tendon thickness. Adding TECAR therapy to conventional treatment offered additional benefits in reducing pain and improving function in patients with AC. TECAR therapy is a promising, non-invasive, and cost-effective treatment option for AC with relatively few sessions.  CLINICAL TRIALS ID: NCT06784128, Retrospectively Registered.   STUDY REGISTRATION DATE: 2025-01-15.