Decoding mechanisms and protein markers in lung-brain axis.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Pulmonology
• Immunology

Background:

• The lung-brain axis describes bidirectional communication between respiratory and neurological systems.
• Understanding this axis is key to addressing how lung diseases affect brain health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review mechanisms and protein markers linking lung disease to brain dysfunction.
• To explore therapeutic strategies targeting the lung-brain axis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on the lung-brain axis.
• Analysis of neural, immune, microbial, and hypoxemic pathways.
• Identification of key protein markers (e.g., TLR4, ACE2).

Main Results:

• Lung injury can cause neurocognitive impairments via inflammation, vagus nerve signaling, microbiota changes, and hypoxemia.
• Pulmonary conditions like pneumonia and asthma, and mechanical ventilation, are linked to neurological dysfunction.
• Protein markers (TLR4, ACE2, A-SAA, HMGB1, TREM2) are critical and correlate with disease severity.

Conclusions:

• Integrated treatment strategies are needed for lung-brain axis disorders.
• Further research into molecular mechanisms and interdisciplinary collaboration is essential.