Crossbow impact effect on clothing and potential associated injuries

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Ballistics
• Materials Science

Background:

• Increasing use of crossbows in hunting, sport, and criminal activities.
• Limited legislation and experimental research on crossbow effects in the UK.
• Existing research primarily focuses on injuries from crossbow incidents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the penetration effect of crossbow bolts on common clothing materials.
• To determine if different clothing combinations offer varying levels of protection.
• To assess the utility of findings for forensic examiners.

Main Methods:

• An 80 lb. Armex Tomcat II crossbow was utilized for testing.
• Three types of clothing were tested in four different combinations.
• Penetration depth and wound tracts were analyzed using a non-clothed gelatine block.

Main Results:

• All bolts penetrated the gelatine block, T-shirt, and polo shirt.
• Nine bolts penetrated the hoodie/T-shirt combination; only three penetrated the hoodie/polo shirt combination.
• Significant differences in penetration depth were observed, with thicker clothing layers showing greater resistance.

Conclusions:

• Clothing fibers were identified in bolts and wound tracts, serving as potential trace evidence.
• Findings can assist forensic investigators and medical professionals in analyzing crossbow-related incidents.
• Further research is recommended to enhance understanding of crossbow-environment interactions.