Research status of regenerative difficulties after central nervous system injury

Multiple studies have shown that permanent functional disabilities caused after nerve damage are mainly due to the limited ability of damaged neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) to regenerate axons and re-establish functional connections. Most axons in the CNS of adult mammals cannot reactivate their intrinsic growth program after injury, making axonal regeneration difficult when damaged. This article provides a systematic review of the response processes following CNS injury and the factors affecting repair and regeneration, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the regeneration of damaged axons, in hopes of offering new insights for the repair of CNS injuries.