Metabolic and Inflammatory Profiles Across Infertile PCOS Phenotypes: Implications for Clinical Practice

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, coupled with an array of conditions such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, mental health challenges, and potential infertility. The current understanding of risk factors for metabolic disorders within distinct reproductive diagnostic phenotypes of PCOS remains limited. This study aims to compare the metabolic characteristics of different phenotype groups, aiming to identify those with a heightened risk of metabolic complications, thus laying the groundwork for future screening and preventive strategies.

A cross-sectional study involving 91 women diagnosed with PCOS categorized into four phenotype groups based on the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria was conducted. Demographic and laboratory parameters among these groups were compared and analyzed.

No noteworthy distinctions in laboratory findings were discerned among these phenotypes (p value > 0.05). Body mass index (BMI) displayed a significant positive correlation, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) exhibited a notable inverse correlation with the TyG Index (P value < 0.05). Stepwise model regression unveiled that LDL variables exerted a positive effect (B = .017, P value < .001), while CRP (B =  - .144, P value = .003) and AST (B =  - .016, P value = .011) variables displayed a negative and significant impact on the TyG Index.

Insulin resistance in diverse PCOS types appears to be influenced by both patient-specific traits and their inflammatory and metabolic health. Continued research into these relationships is crucial to guide the development of more effective, personalized approaches for managing PCOS.