Recent advances in biosensors based on the electrochemical properties of MXenes

Biosensors have rapidly gained popularity and made significant progress in their applications in recent years, and a key strategy for the development of advanced biosensors is the utilization of novel structures with remarkable properties. The emergence of novel nanostructures will significantly improve the performance of sensors and create a new frontier for highly sensitive analysis. MXenes, as an emerging two-dimensional nanomaterial with a unique layered structure and electrochemical properties, have become an ideal material for developing high-sensitivity, high-stability, and multifunctional biosensors. In this review, we systematically summarized the synthesis and modification methods for MXenes and their current applications in biosensing, including electrochemical sensing, optical sensing, and wearable and portable sensing. Furthermore, this review offers potential solutions to address the challenges posed by MXenes in biosensor applications, specifically those related to material stability and biocompatibility. This review is believed to provide insights into the development of MXenes for biosensing, paving the way for their future translational medical applications.