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Children's V ˙ O 2 max trainability deficit: A quantitative analysis and a qualitative hypothesis.

Raffy Dotan1

  • 1Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada. rdotan@brocku.ca.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children show a reduced response to aerobic training compared to adults. High-intensity training is more effective for children but still less so than for adults, suggesting differences in neuromuscular activation and muscle composition.

Keywords:
Aerobic powerAerobic trainingFunctional compositionHigh-intensity trainingMuscle activationPuberty

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Pediatric Sports Science
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Children's maximal aerobic power (VO2max/peak) training response is considered lower than adults'.
  • Previous hypotheses for this deficit haven't fully explained the observed phenomena.
  • A comprehensive database was lacking to quantify children's trainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create and analyze a large literature database on aerobic training response in children and adults.
  • To formulate a hypothesis explaining children's trainability deficit.
  • To identify underlying causes for the differences in training response between age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled data from 650 training studies, including 1046 cohorts (222 children, 824 adults).
  • Extracted variables: cohort size, age, pre-training VO2max/peak, training intensity/duration, testing modality, and training response.
  • Compared training responses between pediatric and adult cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Children's overall VO2max training response was 58% of adults' (p < 0.000001).
  • High-intensity training was 25% more effective in children (p = 0.041) but not adults.
  • Even high-intensity training in children was only 67% as effective as in adults (p < 0.00001).

Conclusions:

  • Children exhibit a significantly lower trainability of maximal aerobic power compared to adults.
  • High-intensity exercise offers a relative benefit for children's aerobic training response.
  • Differences in neuromuscular activation and muscle composition are proposed as key factors explaining the observed child-adult discrepancies.