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Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic Syndrome: a current and urgent concept

Andrea Pio de Abreu1, Luciano Ferreira Drager1,2, Madson Queiroz Almeida3

  • 1Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Departamento de Nefrologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Jornal Brasileiro De Nefrologia
|May 20, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health involves interconnected factors impacting health outcomes. Addressing social determinants and metabolic staging is crucial for lifelong prevention and equitable care.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health is defined by complex interactions between cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic systems.
  • Dysfunction in these interconnected systems significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality.
  • A substantial population segment faces compromised CKM health, disproportionately affecting individuals with adverse social determinants of health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a comprehensive framework for understanding and managing cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health.
  • To emphasize the importance of metabolic staging and lifelong prevention strategies.
  • To advocate for the integration of social determinants of health into CKM care models.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current scientific literature on CKM interactions.
  • Development of a staging system based on metabolic factors.
  • Incorporation of social determinants of health into clinical care paradigms.
  • Alignment with American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines and recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Identification of the multifaceted nature of CKM health and its impact on disease.
  • Establishment of metabolic staging as a key component for risk stratification.
  • Highlighting the critical role of social determinants in CKM health disparities.
  • Proposing an integrated, patient-centered, interdisciplinary approach to CKM care.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of CKM health requires a holistic approach addressing metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal factors.
  • Integrating social determinants of health is essential for achieving health equity in CKM care.
  • Lifelong prevention strategies, including metabolic staging, are paramount for improving population CKM health.

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