Recent development in metal-organic frameworks-based electrochemical aptasensors for detection of cancer biomarkers

Aptasensors utilize aptamers as recognition elements, which offer high sensitivity, selectivity, ease of modification, outstanding stability, real-time detection, biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, and good integration. Utilizing metal-organic framework (MOF)-based electrochemical aptasensors is a promising approach that is drawing significant attention. MOF-based aptasensors for cancer detection present a promising avenue, yet they face several challenges. The optimization of sensitivity and selectivity in the MOF-aptamer system is complex, requiring a delicate balance to distinguish the target analyte from interfering substances in physiological environments. Efficient immobilization of aptamers on MOF surfaces while maintaining their conformation and stability under physiological conditions poses a crucial challenge for robust sensing. Integrating MOFs and aptamers with transduction systems, such as electrodes in electrochemical sensors, is critical for achieving efficient signal transduction and maintaining sensor stability. Herein, the latest developments in MOF-based electrochemical aptasensors for detecting tumor markers will be discussed. Focus will be given on single metallic, bimetallic, and calcinated-based MOFs and their strengths and weaknesses will be summarized. Further, the synthesis strategy of electrochemical sensors is analyzed to meet the requirements of selectivity and sensitivity. Finally, the future perspectives for developing and applying electrochemical aptasensors are also discussed.