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Synthetic, Multi-Layer, Self-Oscillating Vocal Fold Model Fabrication

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The human voice aligns with whole-body kinetics.

Wim Pouw^1,2, Raphael Werner¹, Lara S Burchardt³

¹Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences

|May 20, 2025

Summary

Human vocalizations synchronize with arm movements, driven by muscle activity and whole-body forces. This study reveals a dynamic interplay between the motor system and voice production.

Keywords:

biomechanics electromyography hand gesture posture vocalization

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Neuroscience
Speech Science

Background:

Humans frequently vocalize while gesturing.
Voice fluctuations are known to synchronize with upper limb movements.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the predictive role of postural muscle activity in voice fluctuations during arm movements.
To explore the relationship between whole-body kinetics and vocalization.

Main Methods:

Electromyography to measure muscle activity (pectoralis major, erector spinae).
Kinematic analysis of upper limb movements.
Measurement of ground-reaction forces.
Vocalization analysis (intensity and tone).
Experiment involving added upper limb mass (1 kg).

Main Results:

Postural muscle activity, particularly in the pectoralis major and erector spinae, predicts voice fluctuations.
Increased upper limb mass amplifies the interaction between muscle activity and voice.
Ground-reaction forces correlate with postural muscles and covary with voice fluctuations under certain conditions.
Voice co-patterns with whole-body kinetics, extending beyond kinematic interactions.

Conclusions:

Human voicing is dynamically coupled with the whole-body motor system.
Findings suggest that motor control of posture and limb movement influences vocal production.
This research offers implications for biomechanical modeling of speech and gesture interaction.