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Adaptor protein-2 regulate root cell division and differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Tianwei Hu1, Mingsong Zhu1, Yibo Hu1
1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
None:
In Arabidopsis, the root apical meristem consists of quiescent center (QC) and its surrounding stem cells, which form a stem cell niche (SCN) that develops into the root structure. The formation and maintenance of stem cells are regulated by hormones and transcription factors. Previous studies have shown that clathrin-mediated endocytosis impairs root growth; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is dependent on the function of clathrin, Adaptor Protein-2 (AP-2) and the TPLATE complex (TPC). In this study, our phenotypic analysis indicated that the reduced root length in the clathrin, AP-2, and TPC mutants resulted from a decreased number of meristem cells and a reduction in meristem size. Further modified pseudo-schiff propidium iodide (mPS-PI) staining revealed that clathrin heavy chain mutant, chc2-2, and ap2σ which is a subunit of AP-2 exhibited disordered columella stem cells (CSCs), decreased columella cells, abnormal cortex/endodermis initiation (CEI), and excessive division of the endodermis. Moreover, the transcription and protein levels of SHORTROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) as well as PLETHORA1 (PLT1) and PLT2 were significantly decreased in ap-2 mutants. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation demonstrated that AP2σ interacted with SHR. In addition, disruption of AP-2 function reduced the auxin accumulation and the plasma membrane expression of its polar transporters PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1), PIN3 and PIN7. Taken together, this study revealed that AP-2 regulates both the SHR/SCR activity and the PINs-auxin transport to maintain the root division and differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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