Urethral sphincter electromyography with vaginal surface electrodes: a comparison with sphincter electromyography recorded via periurethral coaxial, anal sphincter needle and perianal surface electrodes
Related Experiment Videos
Abstract:
Urethral sphincter electromyography recording via vaginal surface electrodes was compared to simultaneous sphincter electromyographic registrations obtained with a periurethral coaxial needle electrode and perianal surface or needle electrodes in 10 neurologically intact women. Qualitative similarity of the vaginal surface and periurethral needle electrode recordings was found. Based on this and our previous studies, we conclude that electromyographic recording with vaginal surface electrodes offers a simple and reliable technique to evaluate the striated urethral sphincter during routine urodynamic studies in women.
Related Concept Videos
Standard Electrode Potentials
Electrodes: Overview
There are two main types of electrodes in electrochemical cells. The first type, known as the working or indicator electrode, has a potential that is sensitive to the analyte's concentration and reacts to changes in...
Surface Tension and Surface Energy
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes
Wood Surfacing
The equipment used in the surfacing process is a plane equipped with rotating blades. This tool efficiently smoothens the wood surface and can...