Current research of the Notch pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma

Notch signaling is a widely preserved communication pathway that supports essential cellular functions by allowing adjacent cells to interact. The Notch signaling pathway consists of Notch ligands (DSL proteins), Notch receptors, DNA-binding proteins, and downstream target genes. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the predominant cause of cancer-related deaths globally and poses a significant threat to human health. For highly malignant HCC, current treatment options, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and surgical procedures, often have poor prognoses. Therefore, there is a need to explore additional therapeutic strategies. Many studies have found that abnormal activation of the Notch signaling pathway contributes to tumor initiation and progression by promoting HCC proliferation, metastasis, stem cell-like properties, and drug resistance. In this research, we reveal the composition and activation mechanisms of the Notch signaling pathway, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying its aberrant activation in HCC. Furthermore, we summarize recent advances in targeting Notch signaling for the treatment of HCC. This review aims to highlight the promising potential of investigating the Notch pathway as a therapeutic target in HCC.