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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Updated: May 22, 2025

Screening and Identification of RNA Silencing Suppressors from Secreted Effectors of Plant Pathogens
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Small RNA mobility and plant virus diseases.

Laura Elvira-Gonzalez1, Todd Blevins1, Manfred Heinlein1

  • 1Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|May 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Plants use RNA molecules for cell-to-cell communication, crucial for development and stress responses. This review examines small RNA mobility and their role in viral infections, impacting plant disease and resistance.

Keywords:
DiseaseRNA silencingVSRmicroRNAsplantsplasmodesmatasmall interfering RNAstoleranceviral suppressor of RNA silencingviruses

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Plants utilize symplasmic networks for intercellular and long-distance communication via plasmodesmata and phloem.
  • RNA molecules, including small RNAs, function as signaling molecules, regulating various plant processes.
  • Non-cell-autonomous small RNAs are vital for development, gene silencing, stress responses, and antiviral defense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms governing the cell-to-cell and systemic mobility of small RNAs in plants.
  • To emphasize the role of virus- and host-derived small RNAs in modulating viral infection outcomes.
  • To explore how small RNAs influence plant disease, resistance, and tolerance to viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on plasmodesmata and phloem transport of RNA.
  • Analysis of studies on small RNA biogenesis and function in plant-virus interactions.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on small RNA-mediated regulation of plant immunity.

Main Results:

  • Small RNAs move through plasmodesmata and phloem, enabling systemic signaling.
  • Both viral and host small RNAs play critical roles in antiviral defense.
  • Small RNA pathways are key regulators of plant responses to viral pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Small RNA mobility is essential for coordinating plant responses to environmental cues, including viral infections.
  • Understanding small RNA dynamics offers insights into plant disease management and breeding for resistance.
  • Targeting small RNA pathways presents potential strategies for enhancing plant antiviral immunity.