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Autophagy01:27

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
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Osmoregulation in Fishes02:32

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Tail-anchored, or TA, proteins are estimated to make up to 3-5% of membrane proteins found in the eukaryotic cell. Such proteins have a single transmembrane domain located approximately 30 amino acid residues upstream from the C-terminal end. As a result, the signal recognition particle (SRP) cannot guide a TA protein to the ER membrane for cotranslational insertion. Hence, they are integrated into the ER membrane post-translationally using their C-terminal end as the anchor. TA proteins...
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Chaperone-mediated autophagy in fish: A key function amid a changing environment.

Simon Schnebert1, Emilio J Vélez1, Maxime Goguet1

  • 1Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, NuMeA, Saint-Pée-sur Nivelle, France.

Autophagy Reports
|May 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy (CMA) is vital for cell health. This study identifies CMA genes in rainbow trout and shows their importance in maintaining liver health during stress, introducing a new stress indicator.

Keywords:
CMA scoreChaperone-mediated autophagyenvironmentfishmetabolismrainbow troutstress

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy (CMA) is a key lysosomal degradation pathway essential for cellular homeostasis.
  • CMA's role in fish, particularly under environmental stress, is an emerging area of research.
  • Lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A (Lamp2A) is the rate-limiting factor in CMA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and expression of Lamp2A genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
  • To determine the role of Lamp2A in hepatic proteostasis during nutritional stress in rainbow trout.
  • To develop and validate a CMA activation score as a biomarker for cellular stress in fish.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of two Lamp2A genes in rainbow trout.
  • Analysis of Lamp2A gene expression patterns across different rainbow trout tissues.
  • Proteomic analysis of liver tissue from rainbow trout under acute nutritional stress.
  • Validation of a novel CMA activation score.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct Lamp2A genes were identified in rainbow trout, with varied tissue-specific expression.
  • Rainbow trout lacking the predominant Lamp2A variant showed significant hepatic proteome alterations during nutritional stress.
  • The CMA activation score effectively indicated cellular stress status in fish.

Conclusions:

  • Lamp2A plays a critical role in maintaining hepatic proteostasis in rainbow trout, especially under nutritional stress.
  • The CMA activation score is a reliable tool for assessing cellular stress in fish facing environmental challenges.
  • This research provides evolutionary and environmental insights into CMA function.