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Re-exploration of all ATG genes
Kentaro Furukawa1,2, Tamara Ginevskaia1,2, Tomotake Kanki1,2
1Department of Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Autophagy Reports
|May 21, 2025
Summary
This study comprehensively analyzes autophagy-related (ATG) genes in yeast, revealing that autophagy isn't fully impaired even without essential ubiquitin conjugation-like (UBL) systems. Residual activity, particularly in the Atg8 UBL system, suggests new insights into selective autophagy pathways.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Yeast Genetics
Background:
- Autophagy-related (ATG) genes are crucial for cellular degradation processes.
- Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a primary model for studying autophagy.
- Comprehensive comparisons of ATG gene functions across different autophagy types are lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify non-selective bulk autophagy and selective autophagy pathways (Cvt, mitophagy, reticulophagy, pexophagy) in all yeast ATG mutants.
- To investigate the essentiality of ubiquitin conjugation-like (UBL) systems for autophagy.
- To explore the cargo specificity and interconnections between different autophagy types.
Main Methods:
- Systematic generation and analysis of all single ATG gene deletion mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Quantitative measurements of bulk and selective autophagy flux in each mutant.
- Microscopic analysis to identify and characterize autophagic vesicles.
Main Results:
- Autophagy is not completely abolished in mutants lacking components of the two UBL systems.
- Residual autophagic activity is notable in Atg8 UBL system mutants, with observed autophagic body-like vesicles.
- Analysis suggests a link between mitophagy and pexophagy, and differential Atg protein roles in cargo recognition.
Conclusions:
- The study challenges the absolute essentiality of certain UBL systems for basal autophagy.
- Findings highlight the Atg8 UBL system's role in residual autophagy and vesicle formation.
- The comprehensive dataset provides valuable resources for future research on autophagy mechanisms and cargo selectivity.
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