Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 23, 2025

Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research
Published on: November 24, 2021
Re-exploration of all ATG genes
Kentaro Furukawa1,2, Tamara Ginevskaia1,2, Tomotake Kanki1,2
1Department of Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Abstract:
Most autophagy-related (ATG) genes have been identified and characterized through studies using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, there are no studies that comprehensively compare the contribution of each ATG gene to non-selective bulk autophagy and various types of selective autophagy, including the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway, mitophagy, reticulophagy, and pexophagy. Our recent study quantified these types of autophagy in all atg mutants and showed that (i) autophagy is not completely impaired in specific deletants such as lacking the components of the two ubiquitin conjugation-like (UBL) systems, traditionally regarded as essential for autophagy in yeast, and (ii) residual autophagic activity is especially prominent in mutants of the Atg8 UBL system, which display small autophagic body-like vesicles at a low frequency. Alongside these findings, our comprehensive analysis suggested a link between mitophagy and pexophagy, and a differential contribution of Atg proteins to cargo specificity. We discuss how our datasets are useful for future autophagy research. Abbreviations: Ape1: aminopeptidase I; ATG: autophagy related; Cvt: cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; GFP: green fluorescent protein; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; UBL: ubiquitin conjugation-like.
Related Concept Videos
Crossover Experiments
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
Exon Recombination
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
Base Excision Repair
Homologous Recombination
Retrieval
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
Data Collection by Experiments
An example of the experimental method is a public...

