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Comparison of ADOS-2 scores in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
Yoichi Hanawa1,2, Wakaho Hayashi1, Dan Nakamura1,3
1Department of Psychiatry Showa University School of Medicine Setagaya-ku Tokyo Japan.
Aim:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms persist significantly into adulthood; however, only a few studies have examined the overlap between ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in adults. This study compared ASD symptoms in adults with ASD, ADHD, and neurotypical controls using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2).
Methods:
In total, 150 adults (69 with ADHD [mean age, 34.5 years; 43 men], 50 with ASD [mean age, 33.8 years; 35 men], and 31 controls [mean age, 38.7 years; 17 men]) completed Module 4 of the ADOS-2, the Autism Spectrum Quotient, Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
Results:
Consistent with juvenile studies, adults with ADHD exhibited significant ASD symptoms, which were between those with ASD and neurotypical individuals. Item-level analysis suggested more similarities than differences between the two disorders; the differences may be of degree rather than quality.
Conclusion:
This study shows the importance of assessing full ASD symptoms in adults with ADHD.
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