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Updated: May 23, 2025

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes
Published on: May 20, 2011
The structural relationship between achievement goal orientation and perceived performance among swimmers: a chain
Yuanjiao Zhu1, Weipeng Zhang2, Hao Liu3
1School of Physical Education and Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Background:
Achievement goal orientation (AGO) has been identified as an important determinant of Perceived Performance (PP) in athletes. However, there is limited research analyzing this relationship through multiple mediation models.
Methods:
In this study, data from 377 competitive swimmers (45.1% female, 54.9% male, aged 18-22 years old) from Tianjin and Beijing universities were collected through questionnaires, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationship between AGO, Sports Enthusiasm (SE), Sports Commitment (SC), and Grit and PP.
Results:
AGO significantly elevated PP (β = 0.116, p ≤ 0.001), explaining 76.6% of the total effect of AGO on PP through the chain-mediated effects of SE (β = 0.472, p ≤ 0.001), SC (β = 0.448, p ≤ 0.001) and Grit (β = 0.165, p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion:
The chain mediation model of this study suggests that AGO enhances swimmers 'PP through SE, SC, and Grit, guiding coaches' goal setting, swimmers 'progress tracking, and psychologists' reassessment strategies.
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