Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Affinity-matured B cell responses neutralizing type-I interferons underlie severe viral infections.

Cell·2026

Same author

Three Doses and Six Months Later: Real-World SARS-CoV-2 Specific Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Children With Inborn Errors of Immunity.

Journal of clinical immunology·2026

Same author

Underrated, Unvaccinated, Untreated: A Multinational Registry Analysis of Human Metapneumovirus in Hematological Malignancy, Insights From EPICOVIDEHA/EPIRESEHA Registry.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026

Same author

Human retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) deficiency associated with susceptibility to classic Kaposi sarcoma.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026

Same author

Pulmonary Fungal Infections in the Immunocompetent Host.

Chest·2026

Same author

Beyond the Usual Suspects: RSV Infection in Patients With Hematological Malignancies Compared to Influenza and SARS-COV-2-A Report From the EPICOVIDEHA/EPIRESEHA Registry.

American journal of hematology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Host-directed immunotherapy for viral infections.

Donald C Vinh^1,2,3,4

¹Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases).

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

|May 21, 2025

Summary

Host-directed immunotherapies offer a new approach to infectious diseases, shifting focus from pathogens to modulating the host immune system. This strategy requires further research for clinical application.

Keywords:

augment immunity host-directed therapy immunotherapy infections virus

More Related Videos

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2025

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

Area of Science:

Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Pharmacology

Background:

Pathogen-directed therapies face limitations due to antimicrobial resistance.
Existing antimicrobial agents are often ineffective against certain infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current status of host-directed immunotherapies for fighting infectious diseases (HIFI).
To define the concept and modalities of HIFI.
To identify lessons for future clinical application based on past research.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on host-directed immunotherapies.
Analysis of large-scale viral studies, acknowledging limited recent research.
Synthesis of existing knowledge on HIFI modalities.

Main Results:

HIFI represents a paradigm shift in managing infectious diseases.
The approach involves harnessing and modulating host immunity rather than targeting pathogens.
Key lessons from historical viral studies inform future clinical use.

Conclusions:

HIFI requires enhanced mechanistic and pharmacologic understanding of current treatments.
Development of novel agents based on immunobiology is crucial.
Robust clinical studies are essential for advancing HIFI.