Imaging and neuromodulation in Parkinson's disease

Area of Science:

• Neuromodulation
• Neurosurgery
• Radiology

Background:

• Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a primary neuromodulatory treatment for Parkinson's disease.
• Advancements in neuroradiological techniques are expanding the role of imaging in DBS.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the expanding role of imaging in neuromodulation for Parkinson's disease, particularly DBS.
• To highlight how imaging informs patient selection, electrode placement, and outcome prediction.

Main Methods:

• Review of current and emerging neuroradiological techniques in DBS.
• Analysis of imaging's role across pre-, intra-, and postoperative phases of DBS care.

Main Results:

• Imaging is essential for patient selection and precise, individualized electrode implantation.
• Fluoroscopy enables intra-operative lead localization, and advanced techniques identify optimal anatomical targets and connectomes.
• Imaging aids in developing biomarkers for successful stimulation and programming.

Conclusions:

• Imaging is a powerful tool for personalized electrode implantation and stimulation titration in DBS.
• It improves patient outcomes and informs the development of alternative neuromodulation techniques.