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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Establishment of a Primary Culture of Patient-derived Soft Tissue Sarcoma
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Twenty-five years without progress: The enduring challenge of soft tissue sarcomas.

Nicole J Hardy1, Khaoula Ben Haj Frej1, Rachel Nkansah1

  • 1University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.

Cancer
|May 21, 2025
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Summary

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) survival has stagnated over two decades, unlike gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Research into STS biological mechanisms is needed to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)gastrointestinal stromal tumorssarcomasurvival

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Recent advancements in oncology have significantly improved survival rates for many cancers, including breast and lung cancer.
  • However, the progress for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) has lagged behind other malignancies.
  • This analysis focuses on the survival trends of STS patients over a 20-year period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the survival trends of patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) from 1999 to 2019.
  • To compare the survival outcomes of STS with those of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) during the same period.
  • To identify factors contributing to the stagnation in STS survival and contrast them with GIST progress.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 21,948 patients with STS (excluding GIST) using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 registries.
  • Inclusion of 3,716 patients diagnosed with GIST for comparative analysis.
  • Stratification of data by disease stage (localized or distant) and time intervals to assess survival trends.

Main Results:

  • Median survival for STS remained stagnant between 1999 and 2019, with no significant difference observed across disease stages.
  • In contrast, GIST patients experienced a steady improvement in median survival, increasing from 105 months (1999-2004) to 122 months (2005-2011).
  • These GIST survival improvements were noted in both localized and distant disease settings.

Conclusions:

  • The lack of progress in STS survival is attributed to poor understanding of biological mechanisms, research challenges in rare diseases, and limited commercial interest.
  • The contrasting positive outcomes in GIST suggest that understanding biological drivers can lead to targeted therapies and improved survival.
  • Further research into the biological underpinnings of STS is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving patient prognoses.