Primary intracranial smooth muscle tumors in immunocompromised patients

Primary intracranial smooth muscle tumors are rare and range from benign to malignant. We report 2 patients with primary intracranial smooth muscle neoplasms in immunocompromised host, 1 patient each with primary intracranial leiomyoma and primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma, both of whom clinically and radiologically mimicked meningioma. Both patients were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. Hence, smooth muscle neoplasms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of well-circumscribed intracranial lesion, especially in immunocompromised patients.