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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Hydrolysis of ATP01:08

Hydrolysis of ATP

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The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids.
If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine...
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NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

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The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
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Updated: May 22, 2025

Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus KSHV
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Kawasaki Disease.

Maryam Zeinali1, William H Frishman2, Wilbert S Aronow3

  • 1From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Mazandaran, Iran.

Cardiology in Review
|May 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a critical vasculitis in young children, often leading to heart issues. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for preventing coronary artery damage and improving long-term outcomes.

Keywords:
COVID-19Kawasaki diseasemultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Kawasaki disease (KD) is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children.
  • Its etiology remains unknown, impacting children primarily under five.
  • Despite advances, understanding KD's pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment requires further review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of current knowledge on Kawasaki disease.
  • To compile recent advances (2019-2024) in KD pathogenesis, immunology, clinical features, and treatment.
  • To compare KD with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recent literature (2019-2024).
  • Analysis of research on KD pathogenesis, immunologic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and treatment.
  • Comparative analysis with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

Main Results:

  • KD involves elevated inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies, and endothelial dysfunction, causing coronary artery lesions.
  • Diagnosis is challenging, relying on clinical criteria, lab markers, and echocardiography.
  • Standard treatment includes IVIG and aspirin; immunomodulators are used for resistant cases.

Conclusions:

  • Early KD diagnosis and management are crucial for preventing coronary artery aneurysms.
  • Ongoing research focuses on elucidating mechanisms and developing novel therapies.
  • Enhanced understanding aims to improve patient outcomes and reduce cardiovascular risks.