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Epigenetic Modifications in Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Protective Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Jia-Huan Li1,2, Chang Liu3, Si-Yu Qiu1,2
1ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
Current Medical Science
|May 21, 2025
Summary
Epigenetic modifications offer new strategies for preventing and treating sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) by protecting inner ear hair cells. This review explores therapeutic potential through epigenetic modulation for preserving auditory function.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) affects over 430 million people globally, with current treatments offering limited functional restoration.
- Existing technologies like hearing aids and cochlear implants do not fully restore natural auditory function.
- Inner ear hair cell (HC) damage is a primary cause of SNHL.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the emerging roles of epigenetic modifications in hair cell damage and SNHL.
- To explore the therapeutic potential of epigenetic modulation for preventing and treating SNHL.
- To highlight the application of small-molecule epigenetic compounds in auditory health.
Main Methods:
- Literature synthesis of studies on inner ear epigenetics and SNHL.
- Focus on histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs in HC damage.
- Examination of therapeutic strategies involving epigenetic modulation.
Main Results:
- Epigenetic modifications, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs, play significant roles in HC damage.
- Epigenetic regulation offers promising therapeutic avenues for SNHL.
- Small-molecule epigenetic compounds demonstrate efficacy in modulating gene expression for auditory function.
Conclusions:
- Epigenetic modulation presents a novel strategy for protecting and restoring inner ear hair cells.
- Targeting epigenetic mechanisms holds potential for preventing and treating SNHL.
- Further research into small-molecule epigenetic compounds could lead to advanced therapies for hearing loss.
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