Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Use and Associated Factors Among Men Who have Sex with Men in Bangkok

Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) have become prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM), often associated with a higher risk of HIV acquisition. However, little is known about ATS use among MSM in Thailand. This study identifies ATS use patterns and associated factors among MSM in Bangkok, Thailand. Between January 2018 and May 2019, Thai MSM aged 18 years and older were recruited from an HIV testing center in Bangkok, for an 18-month longitudinal study. At each 6-month visit, participants underwent HIV testing and completed a self-administered questionnaire on demographics, substance use, sexual behavior and, mental health. Baseline characteristics and substance use patterns were summarized using descriptive statistics. Determinants of ATS use were identified by logistic regression analysis. Of 1375 MSM enrolled (median age 26), 146 (10.6%) reported using ATS in the past six months. They had more sexual partners, were more likely to engage in sex work, and were more likely to use multiple substances. HIV prevalence was higher among MSM who reported recent ATS use (19.9% vs. 10.0%, p-value < 0.001). Among those reporting ATS use, 92.5% used crystal methamphetamine, 44.4% used it via injection, and 94.5% used multiple substances. ATS use was associated with monthly income > 30,000 baht, group sex, current PrEP use or interest, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the patterns and determinants of ATS use among MSM, underscoring the necessity for integrated sexual and mental health services in harm reduction strategies to effectively address the complex needs of this population.